不同拉枝角度对富士苹果树体生理特性和果实品质的影响

Effect of Different Branch Bending Angles on Physiological Characteristics and Fruit Quality of Fuji Apple

[目的]研究不同拉枝角度对富士苹果树体生理特性和果实品质的影响.[方法]对富士苹果枝条进行60～75.、85～95.、110～120.三个水平的拉枝处理,测定不同角度枝条叶片营养物质、色素、光合特性、百叶重、叶片厚度、叶面积、叶片结构、枝条生长量和果实品质指标.[结果]不同处理间叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率差异显著.随着枝条角度的增大,叶片氮素含量随着拉枝角度的增大而减少;果实单果重、果形指数、总糖、VC含量和糖酸比增加,有机酸含量减小,枝条长度、粗度均增加.不同类型枝条各处理间叶面积差异显著.枝条角度85～95°时,叶片最厚、最重.富士枝条经过不同拉枝角度处理以后,叶片上、下表皮、栅栏组织、海绵组织厚度、栅栏细胞层数和栅海比均发生了变化.[结论]富士枝条经过不同拉枝角度处理后,叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、营养物质含量、叶面积、枝条的长度和粗度都发生了变化.在60～120°,随着拉枝角度的增大,富士苹果果实单果重、果形指数、总糖和VC含量增加,酸含量降低;叶片中氮含量随着拉枝角度的增大而减小,且各处理间差异显著;枝条角度大于90°,有利于叶片光合效能、水分利用效率、果实品质的提高.

【Objective】To study the different branch angle effects on physiological characteristics and fruit quality of Fuji apple.【Method】Branches were bent at 60-75°,85-95°,110-95° three levels to determine leaf nutrients,pigment,photosynthetic characteristics,weight of 100 leaves,leaf thickness,leaf area,leaf structure,shoot growth and fruit quality indicators.【Result】It showed significant difference in leaf net photosynthetic rate,stomata conductance,transpiration rate,and water use efficiency among treatments.Leaf nitrogen content and organic acid of fruit decrease with the increase of branch angle;single fruit weight,fruit shape index,total sugar,VC content,sugar acid ratio,branch length and roughness are increasing with the rising of the branch angle.It shows significant difference in the leaf area of different type branches.Leaves are the thickest and heaviest when the branch angle is at 85° to 95°.Fuji branches after treatment with different branch angles,leaf up-and-down epidermis,palisade tissue thickness,sponge tissue thickness,stockade cell layer,ratio of palisade tissue and sponge tissue are all changed.【Conclusion】Leaf net photosynthetic rate,stomata conductance,transpiration rate,water use efficiency,nutrient content,leaf area,branch length and roughness were changed after branches of Fuji were bended to different angles.Branches within 60 120°,fruit weight,the shape index,total sugar content and Vc content increased,but total acid decreased with increasing branch angles and leaf nitrogen content decreased,too.Different treatments had significant difference;it is advantageous to the photosynthetic efficiency,water use efficiency,the improvement of fruit quality when angle is greater than 90°.