环塔里木盆地不同生态区的骏枣适宜采收期研究

Study on the Suitable Harvest Time of Junzao in Different Ecological Regions of Tarim Basin

【目的】研究环塔里木盆地不同纬度带的骏枣适宜采收期,为新疆干旱区绿洲枣标准化高效栽培技术提供参考。【方法】以3龄骏枣为试材,研究采收期对枣果干物质积累、品质、失重率及落果情况的影响。【结果】(1)枣果干物质积累随采收期的延迟,而表现出先增加后停止的过程;(2)枣果失重率随采收期的延迟呈明显的递增趋势,但不同纬度带间有区别;(3)枣果的总糖含量和糖酸比,在10月5日时达最高值,其后呈降低趋势,而总酸含量则随采收期的延迟基本表现递增的现象;(4)除阿克苏市试点外,其它三个试点在自然落果率达25%左右时,其枣果干物质积累趋于停止。【结论】于田县试点及其相似区域,骏枣适宜采收期在10月15日左右,而阿克苏市、新和县试点及其相似区域,适宜采收期宜则在10月20日左右,同时,当骏枣成熟期的自然落果率达25%左右时,可以作为该区域枣果适宜采收期的参考指标之一。

【Objective】Through investigation of suitable harvest time of Junzao in different latitudinal belts in Tarim Basin in order to provide the reference for standardized and efficient cultivation techniques of the arid area oasis of Xinjiang.【Method】3-year-old Junzao were selected as research object,and the effects of fruit weight,quality and dropping rate of the fruit in different harvest time were studied.【Result】(1) Jujube dry matter accumulation goes hand in hand with harvest time delay,showing increasing tendency at first then decreasing trend;(2) with the harvest time delay,fruit weight loss rate was increased obviously,but there were differences between different latitude belts;(3) The total sugar content and sugar acid ratio of jujube fruit reached the highest value in October 5th,then decreased,but total acid content increases with delayed harvest period;(4) Except Aksu,the natural fruit drop rate was about 25% of the other three tested places and the jujube dried fruit matter accumulation tended to stop.【Conclusion】Junzao suitable harvest period was around October 15th in Yutian County and similar areas,whereas in Akesu,Xinhe and similar tested area,the suitable harvest time should be about October 20th.In addition,when the natural fruit dropping rate reaches about 25%,it can be used as the reference index of junzao fruit harvest period.