文化:物质与精神统一的新生活——马尔库塞文化批判的内涵

Connotation of Marcuse's Critical Theory of Culture: a New Life of the Unity of Material and Spirit

赫伯特·马尔库塞继承由霍克海默、阿多诺开创的文化批判传统,侧重从文化及意识形态层面对资本主义工业社会进行批判。他从资本主义文化的肯定性、压抑性、单向度性进行了文化批判,揭示工具理性造成物质文化和精神文化的分裂,压抑人的意识和爱欲本能,从而导致人的异化。他在审美的感性领域找到对抗工业文化的力量,那就是"高层文化"的救赎,以此达到物质文化与精神文化的统一,创造人的感性新生活。

Herberto Marcuse inherited tradition of cultural criticism inaugurated by Horkheimer and Adorno,focusing his criticism on capitalist industrial society from the perspective of culture and ideology. He criticized the affirmative,repressive,one-dimensional nature in capitalist culture,revealing the splitting between material and spiritual culture,and the repression on human consciousness and the Eros instinct resulted from the instrumental rationality which led to the human alienation. In the field of aesthetic sensibility,he found the power to antagonize the industry culture,that was,the ' higher culture'. Hence material culture and spiritual culture could go together to create human sensible new life.