游泳200m项目分段时间合理分配性分析——以2009年罗马游泳世锦赛为例

An Analysis of Segment Time Distribution of 200m Swimming Events——A Case Study of 13^(th) FINA World Championships

目的:鉴于游泳200m项目中的体能分配情况通常被视为相当复杂,本研究拟考察不同水平游泳运动员在200m项目比赛中分段时间分配策略差异,探讨合理的分配模式。方法:通过对2009年罗马世锦赛(国际泳联第13届世界锦标赛)200m项目预赛男女组别优秀选手(前16名)、普通选手(后12名)以及顶级选手(决赛前3名)的分段时间及其占成绩百分比进行统计分析,研究此三类选手的时间分配特点。结果:数据显示优秀选手及顶级选手前两个50m分段时间比率高于普通选手,而后两个50m却相反。结论:成绩的好坏往往不仅仅取决于运动员的能力。选手在大赛中如若违背优秀选手的时间分配模式,极可能无法发挥自身最佳水平。这种合理的时间分配模式值得从事游泳运动训练者注意。

Aim: Since the time distributions of each 50m segment in 200m swimming are quite complicated,the present study investigated strategic difference between swimmers of different levels in the 200m swimming events to explore for an adequate segment time distribution pattern. Method: The segment time and time ratio of 200m swimming matches in 13thFINA World Championships Heats for the elite swimmers( the top 16 in heats) and the ordinary swimmers( the last 12 in heats),as well as the top swimmers( the top 3 in finals) were analyzed to characterize their time distributions. Results: The data showed that the elite and top swimmers had a higher segment time ratio in the first two 50- meters compared to the ordinary swimmers,and the reverse was true in the last two 50- meters. Conclusions: The competition results sometimes were determined not only by athlete's physical ability,but also by the time distribution strategy.Swimmers might not get their best performance if they did not comply with the pattern discussed above. This adequate pattern of time distribution should draw attention from swimming coaches.