我国优秀跳高运动员黄海强起跳过程蹬摆动作及合理性分析

A Study on National Elite High Jumper Huang Haiqiang's Take-off Skill

目的:探究我国优秀跳高运动员黄海强起跳过程蹬摆动作的技术特征,并与国外选手进行比较,寻找其优劣,提出改进建议,提高成绩,以缩小与国外选手的差距。方法:采用两台摄像机拍摄黄海强成功过杆2.20m时的倒一步助跑及起跳过程,采用24点辐射式三维框架标定,所拍摄的技术动作在SIMI MOTION软件中进行解析,人体重心计算采用Gubitz人体模型。结果:(1)黄海强起跳离地即刻踝关节角130.2°,H1/身高值为67.7%,世界优秀选手对应值为170°和75%;(2)黄海强助跑速度利用率、腾起竖直速度分别为57.24%和4.11m/s,世界优秀选手分别为62.03%和4.59m/s;(3)黄海强着地-最大缓冲、最大缓冲-离地摆动腿摆动角速度分别为400.28°/s和470.15°/s。结论:黄海强起跳过程蹬伸不充分,助跑速度及利用率、起跳加速距离、起跳腾起速度均与国外选手存在较大差距;起跳缓冲时间大于蹬伸时间,蹬摆过程摆腿先于摆臂,摆动腿摆动角速度较小。

To find advantages and disadvantages of national elite high jumper Huang Hai-qiang's take-off skill and provide some constructive suggestions for improving his performance and narrowing the gap with foreign high jumpers. Methods: using 2 cameras to capture Huang Hai-qiang's take-off skill,calibrating with the 24- point framework; technical moves analyzed with the Simi motion software and the center of gravity calculated with the Gubitz COG model. Results:( 1) At the moment of taking off Huang's ankle angle of the take-off leg is 130. 2° and the ratio of H1to height is 67. 7%,lower than world elite high jumpers' 170° and 75%;( 2) Huang's run-up speed utilization and vertical take-off speed are respectively57. 24% and 4. 11m / s, lower than world elite high jumpers' 62. 03% and 4. 59m / s;( 3) Huang's hip angle velocity of the swing leg in the phases of buffering and stretching are respectively 400. 28° / s and 470. 15° / s.Conclusions: Huang Hai-qiang's take-off skill has the following characters:( 1) The take-off leg's stretching is insufficient,with lower run-up speed utilization,lower acceleration distance,and lower take-off speed compared with world elite high jumpers;( 2) Buffering time is longer than stretching time,the leg swinging earlier than the arm and with a lower swing velocity.