中国低保制度的变迁发展和模式塑造--21世纪以来中国城乡低保制度的社会变迁

The Social Change and the Shaping of Developmental Mode for the Minimum Living Security System in China

中国城乡居民最低生活保障制度相继建立以来,经历了从建立到逐步完善的发展过程,对于保障城乡贫困群体的生活、推进社会公平正义和改善民生发挥着非常积极和重要的作用。特别是进入21世纪以来,在城乡统筹发展的过程中,最低生活保障制度获得了新的发展,出现了一些新的发展趋势和特征,成为具有中国特色社会救助制度塑造重要时期。本文根据有关统计资料对于中国城乡低保制度进行了分析,同时结合北京市城乡低保制度发展个案进行了一些比较研究,从中可以看出新世纪10余年来中国城乡低保制度的发展特征、变动趋势以及未来中国低保制度的社会政策发展方向等。

Since the Minimum Living Security System( MLSS) for urban- rural poor residents has been established,this system has been playing a very important role in securing the living of the poor in urban and rural area. Especially,during the first decade of 21st century the MLSS realizes the new development,and some new characteristics and developmental trends are emerging. Based on the statistics of MLSS on Beijing and China as a whole,this paper analyzes the development of MLSS in China,argues that the MLSS system has been expanded in China,there are some differences between urban MLSS and rural MLSS,the development of urban MLSS is inconsistent with the development trends of the disposable income of urban residents. The importance of MLSS is increasing,but the benefit level of MLSS is still low in contrast to some countries like Sweden,the total assistance rate of MLSS is going up,but in general the MLSS recipients accounts for about 5% of the total population,and the rate of social assistance differs from one provincial unite to another,etc.