谈拉卡托斯科学研究纲领方法论之理论意义与不足

The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes

拉卡托斯(1922-1974)是西方著名的哲学家之一,以其《科学研究纲领方法论》而闻名于世。应当说,他的科学研究纲领理论不仅对科学活动具有很大的影响,而且还深刻地影响着人们的思维方式。探究其科学研究纲领方法论的理论精华有利于促进读者严谨的科学态度与思维的养成。

Imre Lakatos, a British-Hungarian, one of the main representative of the modern Western philosophy of science, is well-known modern Western philosopher of science. He is famous for the book'The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes'. Lakatos criticized the methodology of Popper's falsificationism and Kuhn's irrationalism of scientific psychology, the scientific development of a theory of succession reasonable dynamic model. Lakatos believed that the basic unit of any science has a strict internal structure of a complete theoretical system. He thought that each research program has its own internal structure, the'hard core'',protection zone'and'heuristics'. His scientific research program generally refers to a wider range of theoretical series, which not only guide scientific activity, but also has a profound impact on the human way of thinking. He is considered to be incredible and peaceful most outstanding scientists in his generation.