我国鸟类原虫种类与感染状况研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON PROTOZOAN SPECIES AND INFECTION STATUS IN BIRDS IN CHINA

原虫是寄生于鸟的一类常见寄生虫,不仅危害鸟的生长发育,还对人类健康存在潜在威胁。为了解我国鸟类原虫种类与感染状况,作者查阅了近几十年我国在鸟类原虫调查方面的文献。经归类整理,在我国鸟类中共发现原虫70种,隶属于3门、4纲、5目、9科、12属。其中,顶器复合门(Apicomplexa)、孢子虫纲(Sporozoa)、真球虫目(Eucoccidiorida)的原虫有26种,包括艾美耳科(Eimeiridae)的艾美耳球虫属(Eimeria)20种和等孢球虫属(Isospora)2种、隐孢子虫科(Cryptosporidiidae)的隐孢子虫属(Cryptosporidium)3种、住肉孢子虫科(Sarcocystidae)的弓形虫属(Toxoplasma)1种;孢子虫纲、血孢子虫目(Haemospororida)的原虫39种,包括疟原虫科(Plasmodiidae)的疟原虫属(Plasmodium)23种和血变虫属(Haemoproteus)1种、住白细胞虫科(Leucocystozoidae)的住白细胞虫属(Leucocytozoon)15种;肉足鞭毛门(Sarcomastigophora)、动物鞭毛虫纲(Zoomastigophora)、毛滴虫目(Trichomonadorida)的原虫2种,包括单尾滴虫科(Monocercomonadidae)的组织滴虫属(Histomonas)1种、毛滴虫科(Trichomonadidae)的毛滴虫属(Trichomonas)1种;肉足鞭毛门、叶足纲(Lobosasida)、阿米巴目(Amoebida)、内阿米巴科(Entamoebidae)的原虫2种,即内阿米巴属(Entamoeba)1种和内蜒阿米巴属(Endolimax)1种;芽囊原虫新亚门(Blastocysta)、芽囊原虫纲(Blastocystidea)、芽囊原虫目(Blastocystida)、芽囊原虫科(Blastocystidae)的芽囊原虫属(Blastocystis)1种。球虫、疟原虫、隐孢子虫是鸟类中的常见原虫,球虫、疟原虫、血变虫、毛滴虫在鸟中的感染率较高,隐孢子虫、弓形虫、阿米巴、芽囊原虫等为可感染人类的原虫。了解我国鸟类的原虫种类与感染状况,对做好鸟类原虫病的防控和保护鸟类具有十分重要的指导意义。

Protozoa are a group of common parasites in birds and puts a threaten to public health in humans. In order to keep abreast of the recent protozoan species and infection status in birds in China, we have reviewed a lot of literatures about protozoan studies. In summary, 70 species of protozoa have been recorded in birds of China. These species are classified into 3 phyla (Apicomplexa, Sarcomastigophora, Sarcomastigophora), 4 classes (Sporozoa, Zoomastigophora, Lobosasida, Blastocystidea), 5 orders (Eucoccidiorida,Haemospororida, Trichomonadorida, Amoebida, Blastocystida), 9 families (Eimeiridae, Cryptosporidiidae, Sarcocystidae, Plasmodiidae, Leucocystozoidae, Monocercomonadidae, Trichomonadidae, Entamoebidae, Blastocystidae), and 12 genera. There are 23 species in Plasmodium, 20 species in Eimeria, 15 species in Leucocytozoon, 3 species in Cryptosporidium, 2 species in Isospora, and 1 species in each of Toxoplasm, Haemoproteus, Histomonas, Trichomonas, Entamoeba, Endolimax and Blastocystis. All in all, common protozoa in birds are coccidia, Plasmodium and Cryptosporidium. Coccidia, Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Trichomonad often cause infection in birds and Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, Amoeba and Blastocystis can infect humans. Understanding on protozoan species and infections in birds may provide important guidance for the control of protozoosis in China.