法国不断变革的交通运输管理体制及启示

The Evoluation and Inspiration of Transportation Administrative System in France

结合政治体制改革、社会经济发展、交通运输政策法律等背景,回顾从1870年法国运输部成立至今140余年内法国交通运输管理体制的演变历程:第一阶段(1870年—20世纪40年代),侧重公路与铁路建设与管理;第二阶段(20世纪40—70年代),加快建设公路网,公路交通发展迅速;第三阶段(20世纪70—90年代),大力发展公共交通,环保理念深入人心;第四阶段(20世纪90年代—21世纪初),施行铁路改革,发展一体化运输;第五阶段(2007年至今),高度重视交通运输与生态、能源、可持续发展的和谐统一。阐述各阶段法国交通运输管理的侧重点,重点介绍了其现行行政管理架构;总结了其管理体制演变的特点,即采用大部制的形式且不断变革,趋向综合、宏观协调管理。提出对我国交通运输大部制管理与改革的思考与启示。

Combined with the background of political reform, social economic development, transportation policy and legal institutions of France, this pape reviews the evolution of transportation administrative system since year 1870. It also divides the 140 years development into five stages: stage one from year 1870 to 1940s, which emphasizes the construction and management of highways and railways; stage two from 1940s to 1970s, during which the development of highway and railway network has been accelerated and highway traffic has developed rapidly; stage three from 1970s to 1990s, which gave emphasis on public transport, and the concept of environmental protection was widely accepted; stage four from 1990s to early twenty-first century, during which reform of railway and integrated transportation has been carried out; stage five since year 2007 until now, during which great importance has been attached to ecology, energy and sustainable development. This paper further states the focus about transportation administration in each stage, and introduces the framework of France transportation administrative system at present. At last, the paper summarizes the characteristics of French transportation administrative system, which are adopting super-ministry system, continuous changes and the tendency of macro government administration. The paper also proposes some inspirations for our country's super-ministry system transportation administration.