轿车声品质主观评价研究

Study on Subjective Evaluation of Vehicle’s Sound Quality

轿车的声品质理应取决于客观的噪声测试结果,但也和人为对噪声特征的感知程度切切相关,两者经常不会同步吻合。因而对人所感受的轿车声品质进行科学的主观评价试验就显得十分重要。通过采集6款轿车的车内外声音信号并进行筛选,作为声品质主观评价的样本库,根据不同频段声音信号表现不同特性的特点,对样本信号进行分频段预处理;通过试验确定出进行声品质主观评价试验的主体最佳的男女比例为3/1;选取对评价主体要求较低的成对比较法对轿车声音样本进行声品质主观评价试验。研究结果表明:对轿车声音特性影响最大的频段为500～4 000 Hz频段,其次是20～150 Hz频段,4 000 Hz以上频段对其影响最小。

The sound quality of vehicles depends on the result of objective noise testing. But it is also related to the subjective sense of human being to the noise. Both the results are different very often. Therefore, a scientific subjective evaluation of sound quality of vehicles is necessary. In this paper, a subjective evaluation test was designed. A large number of sound signals of vehicles were collected as the database for the subjective evaluation. Since different frequency bands of sound signals had different characteristics, sound signals were divided into several segments according to their frequency band. Then, the best ratio of the male to the female 3/1 was determined for the subjective evaluation test. Finally, the sound quality subjective evaluation test was done by using specific paired comparison. The results show that the vehicle sound characteristic is mainly influenced by the sound in frequency band of 500~4 000 Hz, then followed by 20~150 Hz, and the sound in frequency band above 4 000 Hz has minimal influence on the sound quality of the vehicles.