机械故障诊断的信号处理方法:频域分析

Signal Processing Methods in Fault Diagnosis of Machinery——Analyses in Frequency Doman

频域分析方法是机械故障诊断中信号处理最重要和最常用的分析方法,其种类繁多且各具特点。因而,对工程实际情况要釆用合理的频域分析方法就十分困难。由此,针对多种的故障类型,根据机械设备关键设备构件的振动特性,为实现机械设备多类不同的故障诊断,在分析和比较了不同的信号处理和特征釆取相应的算法的基础上,再釆用合适的频域分析方法;就能有效地确保诊断分析的精度和可能性。

Frequency-domain analysis is the most conventional method for signal processing in fault diagnosis of machinery. In the literature, a number of frequency-domain-based methods have been applied to detect faults in machinery and each method has its own features. Therefore, selecting appropriate method plays a pivotal role in inspecting defects according to vibration signals. Characteristics of fault-caused vibration signals and frequency-domain-based methods were summarized in this paper using representative examples, so as to establish a rule of selecting appropriate signal methods for extracting vibration features of different mechanical equipments. The results can be used to improve the precision and reliability of several kinds of fault diagnoses for key components in different machinery.