儒家之困与民主政治——徐复观民主儒学论

Confucianism and Democracy——The Democratic Confucianism of Xu Fuguan

徐复观是一位典型游离于自由民主政治与文化传统之间的人物,这种游离关系凸显了其思想中民主政治与儒家文化的内在张力。徐复观以政治国家与民族国家的两重性格为思考前提,认为民主政治与儒家文化切不可分:一方面儒家文化存在着伦理与政治含混、理想政治与现实政治主体错位的困境;另一方面民主政治之基础亦需要提高到儒家思想的道德自觉上来。就中国的社会现实而言,徐复观认为首先应当积极强化社会的作用,而在社会发展中则以具有独立人格的知识分子为重点,通过知识分子的社会讲学树立理性的力量,以成就一种社会思想运动。

Xu Fuguan,a typical type between democratic political and cultural tradition,showed the inherent tension of democratic politics and Confucian culture in his thoughts.He believed that democracy should not be separated from the Confucian culture on the premise of the double character of the political state and the nation-state.On the one hand,there is the plight of the ethical and political ambiguity as well as the dislocaton of the ideal and real political subjects in Confucian culture;On the other hand,democracy foundation also needs to improve to the level of Confucianism moral consciousness.As far as the social reality in China,Xu Fuguan thought the first thing to do should be strengthening the role of society.And independent intellectuals should be the focus in social development for through whose lectures,the power of reason would be established as a social movement of thought.