《逻辑哲学论》中“死亡”概念的语言分析

The "Linguistic Analysis" of "Death" in "Tractatus"

《逻辑哲学伦》是维特根斯坦最重要的著作,内容包罗万象,是基于现代逻辑方法进行论述的,包括他对"死亡"概念的阐述与分析。利用分析哲学的"分析"方法尝试对"死亡"概念的诠释,并得出以下结论:(1)"死亡"的对立面就是"生活,生存的状态"。"死亡"意味着个体生活世界在他所生活的那个世界里面终止,而整个"逻辑可能世界"并不因此而改变,只是消长;(2)"死亡"和"生活世界"属于不同的世界,人不能体验"死亡";(3)"生活世界"在个体那里是无限的;(4)对于"死亡的灵魂"与"在世的生活世界"的理解只能站在这个世界的外面来理解,但是不可能。

As the masterpiece of Ludwig Wittgenstein's philosophical research,the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus is an important book in modern 'analytic philosophy' which includes philosophy,logic,language and the world,ethnics etc.Among them the discussion on the 'death' problem is unique,the current researchers tried to explain his idea according to the basic norms of the 'Linguistic Analysis',and four conclusions are made: 1) the opposite of the 'death' is ' the state of being alive',and 'dead' means that the suspension of the 'life world' of the individual himself,while there is no change in the 'possible logical world' but 'grows and declines';2) 'death' and 'life world' belong to different 'world',we human being can not 'experience' 'death';3)the 'life world' is 'boundless' to the individual' 4) the significance of the 'soul after death' and the 'current life world' could only be understood if one is 'standing outside' of it.But,it is impossible.