2008至2009年本溪市中心城区2型糖尿病患者视网膜病变患病率及相关因素调查

Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and its risk factors in urban area of Benxi in 2008 to 2009

目的 了解本溪市中心城区2型糖尿病患者视网膜病变患病率及相关因素.方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法对2007年12月至2009年5月本溪市中心城区2276例2型糖尿病患者[男1166例,女1110例,年龄31～90岁,平均(61±11)岁]进行分析,行散瞳眼底镜检查或眼底荧光素血管造影,采集临床资料,根据不同危险因素及是否伴有其他并发症分组,比较各组糖尿病视网膜病变的患病率.应用卡方检验进行率的比较,应用多元Logistic回归进行危险因素分析.结果 糖尿病视网膜病变患病率为31.81%.随着患者年龄的增长,糖尿病视网膜病变患病率增高(x^2=25.037,P＜0.05),65岁以上患者糖尿病视网膜病变患病率达37.37%.随着病程的延长,糖尿病视网膜病变患病率增高(x^2=109.873,P＜0.05),病程超过20年的患者糖尿病视网膜病变患病率高达53.81%.吸烟、高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病家族史、高尿酸血症、糖化血红蛋白≥8%、合并冠心病和周围神经病变者糖尿病视网膜病变的患病率较高.饮茶者糖尿病视网膜病变的患病率低于不饮茶者(x^2=9.977,P＜0.05),饮茶者视网膜病变程度低于不饮茶者(x^2=7.267,P＜0.05).结论 高龄、病程延长、吸烟、高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病家族史、高尿酸血症、糖化血红蛋白≥8%、合并冠心病和周尉神经病变均为糖尿病患者视网膜病变的危险因素,而饮茶可延缓糖尿病患者视网膜病变的发生、发展.

Objective To understand the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its risk factors.Methods The cluster multistage sampling was conducted in a total of 2276 patients with type 2 diabetes living in the urban area of Benxi who received mydriasis funduscopy or fundus fluorescein angiography.The clinical data were collected.Grouping was based on different risk factors and other complications.Statistical analysis was carried with SPSS 13.0 software.Results The prevalence of DR was 31.81%.DR was increased with age(x^2 = 25.037,P ＜ 0.05),and reached up to 37.37% in the patients over 65 years old.DR was also increased with the duration of diabetes (x^2 = 109.873,P ＜ 0.05),and reached up to 53.81% in the patients with disease over 20 years.Smoking,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes family medical history,hyperuricemia,HbA1c ≥8%,and combinant coronary heart disease or diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) could increase the prevalence of DR.The tea consumption decreased the prevalence (x^2 = 9.977,P ＜ 0.05) and the severity (x^2 = 7.267,P＜0.05) of DR.Conclusions Old age,longer duration of diabetes,smoking,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes family medical history,hyperuricemia,HbA1c≥8%,and combinant coronary heart disease or DPN may be the risk factors of DR.Tea consumption may delay the development of DR.