我国伤害致残模式转变综述——基于全国残疾人抽样调查数据

Chinese Injury Caused Disability Paradigm Shift: Based on National Sampling Surveys on Disability

利用1987年和2006年两次全国残疾人抽样调查结果,从人口学角度出发,分析我国近20余年来伤害模式的转变,找出变化较大、较为显著的伤害原因,为降低伤害风险,减轻疾病负担提出研究基础及建议。分析结果表明,我国残疾人主要伤害致残原因正从中毒、感觉器官伤害转变为工伤、交通致肢体致残,西部地区、劳务输出省及工业大省更为突出,性别差异显著;不同年龄人口面临不同伤害风险。建议建立系统的预防、救治、扶助体系,包括树立预防伤害发生的安全意识,加强部门合作监管;对全人群开展安全教育;建立有效的三级预防模式,减轻伤害后果;开展全国性的伤害致残调查,加强伤害监测;帮扶因伤致残人员,建立补偿机制,减轻流出地和外出务工人员致残返乡后的保障负担。

Based on the analysis of Chinese 1987 and 2006 national sampling surveys on disability, the authors try to identify significant causes of injury with great changes and influences, in order to reduce the risk and disease burden of injury, and to provide suggestions for further research and policy making. As a result, major injury types of Chinese disability have changed from poisoning and sense organs injury to work injury and traffic injury. There are serious regional, urban-rural and sexual imbalances in the current state of injury caused disability. Also, people in each age group face threats of different kinds of injuries. A comprehensive prevention, salvation, and aiding system is needed. It is suggested that China should build up safety consciousness of injury prevention by cooperation of related departments;provide safety education to people in all age groups;set up an effective three-level prevention mode to decrease the risk and impacts. Moreover, work should be done to strengthen the injury monitoring and identify injury risks in different industries and groups;aid the injury-caused disabled to improve their living standards;establish a compensation mechanism to help injured people by the support of inflow area to alleviate the burden of those people and the outflow area.