我国残疾预防政策分析

Analysis on the Policies of Disability Prevention in China

本文利用以问题为中心的政策分析框架,对近30年来我国主要的残疾预防政策进行了梳理和分析。我国残疾预防政策的长期目标是系统开展残疾预防,减少和控制残疾发生,但在不同的时期又各有工作重点。开展的残疾预防政策行动主要有完善残疾预防法律法规、制订残疾预防规划、以及开展残疾预防重点干预等预防措施和活动。从总体上看,我国残疾预防政策的目标明确,但缺乏国家层面上的残疾预防规划和行动计划,相关政策措施落实也不够。下一步残疾预防政策制定的重点应该着眼于:抓紧制订和实施国家级宏观残疾预防规划和行动计划;积极推动政府各相关部门对残疾预防工作的参与和协作;积极总结和推广已有的残疾预防模式和成果;加强对重点人群残疾预防的优先干预。

This paper summarizes and analyzes the policies on disability prevention in China in recent 30 years by using problem-centered policy analysis model.The long-term object of the disability prevention policy was to carry out disability prevention systematically to decrease and control disability morbidity.But the intervention emphasis was different in different period.The campaign to prevent disability included perfecting the system of laws and regulations related to disability prevention,designing plans on disability prevention and carrying out disability prevention activities such as priority intervention.As a whole,the object of disability prevention policy is clear in China.However,there is still no national strategy and action plan in country level and many policy activities could not be implemented completely.The emphases of disability prevention policy designing in next step should be:to give priority to design and implement national disability prevention action plan,to promote the participation and collaboration between different government departments in the campaign against disability prevention,to summarize and popularize existing models and achievements,to enhance the priority intervention on disability among high-risk population.