残疾预防视阈中的儿童权利保护研究

A Study on Children's Right Protection Based on Disability Prevention

基于残疾预防视阈探讨儿童权利保护问题时,有两个基本问题需要从宏观上进行系统思考:一是三级残疾预防体系与儿童权利保护体系(四项基本权利)之间的多元交互作用关系;二是在残疾预防过程中如何保护儿童权利(三项基本原则)和促进残疾预防。针对残疾儿童特殊性和复杂多样性,首次从系统科学和适应性思维角度提出残疾儿童基本权利应包括生命权、健康权、受教育权、社会参与权、社会救济权、养育权等六项内容。对照国内外权威文件的规定,探讨了如何全面、有效地推动残疾儿童权利保护长效机制与残疾预防策略问题(以孤独症儿童康复与教育为例),认为在一级预防为主的当下应重新认识二、三级预防的重要意义。本文认为:残疾预防视阈中的儿童权利保护,既是崭新话题,也是综合集成方法论问题,应加强相关基础研究。

When it comes to children's right protection based on the perspective of disability prevention, two basic issues need to be considered macroscopically.The first one is the multiple interactions between threegrade system of disability prevention and the system of children's protection(four basic rights),the second is how to protect children's rights(three basic principles) in the course of disability prevention and promote disability prevention.Aimed at the specificity and complexity of disabled children,the author initiatively proposed six basic rights of disabled children in the perspective of system engineering,they are the rights to subsistence,health,education,social participation,social assistance,and nurture.Compared with the provisions of domestic and international authority file,the author proposed the mechanism and strategy recommendations of disability prevention of protecting Children's Right(taking the rehabilitation and education of children with autism as an example),and considered that in the case of primary prevention-oriented,the importance of secondary prevention and tertiary prevention should be reconsidered.In conclusion,children's right protection based on the perspective of disability prevention is a brand new topic,but also metasynthesis Methodology. The researches about three-grade system of disability prevention and primary prevention-oriented disability prevention should be strengthened.