试论公平、公正、正义的基本含义

Discussion on the Meaning of Fairness,Impartiality and Justice

在社会结构和社会利益大调整的变革时代,对公平、公正和正义的含义予以再辨析,不仅有一定的理论价值,而且更富有现实意义。公平一般是指对于以利益分配对称为核心的人与人之间的社会关系做出的价值评判,合理划分利益是公平的深层本质;公正是"权利(利益)的平等交换",其核心要求是"不偏不倚、一视同仁"、在同一标准规则下的相同对待;正义的基本内涵是人们各守其位,各司其职,各取所值,做当做之事,得当得之物,其核心意旨是权利和义务、利益和负担、权力和责任之间达到基本的均衡(平衡)。

A reanalysis of meanings of fairness,impartiality and justice in the times of contemporary adjustments and reforms of social structure and interests is not only of great theoretical value,but also of tremendous significance. Generally speaking,fairness refers to evaluation of social relations between people,on the basis of symmetrical distribution of interests,with reasonable division of interests as its core nature. Impartiality is the equal exchange of rights (interests). Its core requirement is to be impartial,non-discriminatory,and to be treated under the same standard rule. The basic connotation of justice is that each individual does his/her own work and gains valuable materials accordingly. Its core meaning is to reach basic balance between rights and obligation,interests and burden,and between authority and responsibility.