西汉商品经济发展和系列抑商经济政策

The Development of Commodity Economy and the Policy of Emphasizing Agriculture and Restraining Commerce in Western Han Dynasty

西汉私营工商业的蓬勃发展,带来了西汉社会经济的全面繁荣。但长期的北部边患和地方割据势力却未曾稍减。西汉武帝因应前朝政治,直面内忧外患,一反西汉初年奉行的自由放任经济政策,为扩充中央财政,北据匈奴,削弭地方豪富割据势力,断然推行系列化,制度化的抑商经济政策。宏观经济政策的适时转变,不但巩固了汉室中央集权,而且"重农抑商"为历代封建统治所争相效法,对后世社会经济的发展产生了深远影响。

The prosperous development of private industries of Western Han Dynasty brings about an overall prosperity in social economy.However, the long-term troubles on the north borders caused by foreign invasions and the regional separatist forces never cease at all.Emperor Wu of Western Han Dynasty is faced with the interior disturbance & foreign invasions.He abolishes the liberal economy policy pursued in the early Western Han Dynasty.To expand central finance and resist against the invasions by Xiongnu in the north, Emperor Wu drastically adopts the economy policy of restraining business.Timely changing macro-economy policy consolidates the centralization of authority for the Han government.In addition, the policy of advocating agriculture and restraining business has been imitated by the subsequent feudal dynasties.The policy has far-reaching influence on the later social and economic developments.