ICF 理念下我国残疾人服务体系建设的新趋向

New Trend in the Construction of Service System for the Disabled in ICF Philosophy

我国残疾人事业在"十一五"时期取得了一系列历史性突破,但现阶段我国残疾人在教育、康复、托养、文化体育、无障碍设施、就业保障等服务体系建设方面仍存在诸多困难;残疾人服务体系不完备、覆盖面窄、城乡差别大、投入不足、服务设施和专业人才匮乏等是其突出问题;既不能有效解决残疾人的特殊困难和基本需求,更难以解决未来残疾人个性化、多元化的服务需求。为促进"十二五"时期我国残疾人事业的快速发展,本文从我国残疾人事业发展的实践出发,基于ICF分类系统的分析,说明ICF理念的变革、模式的重构及其启示;探讨了ICF对我国残疾人服务体系建设的积极影响,指出我国残疾人服务体系建设的未来发展趋向:共用与世界接轨的概念与术语、采纳功能取向的障碍研究模型、引导多专业合作的障碍服务模式、ICF分类系统将广泛应用于残疾预防及相关政策制定等。

A series of historic breakthrough was made in China′s undertakings for disabled in the period of "11th-Five-Year Plan". However, many difficulties still exist in such areas as education, rehabilitation, nursing, culture and sports, barrier-free facilities, employment security. Still, problems include incomplete service system, narrow coverage, large gap between urban and rural areas, inadequate investment, lack of service facilities and professionals. This situation can neither solve the special difficulties and basic demand of the disabled effectively, nor the individual and diversified service needs in the future. In order to promote the rapid development of the cause of the disabled in "12th-Five-Year Plan" in China, this paper, based on the development of undertakings for disabled and the analysis of ICF classification system, explains the reform, reconstruction of the model and its enlightenment of ICF philosophy. It also discusses the positive influence of ICF on the service system construction of disabled and points out its future development trend: sharing the world′s concepts and terms, adopting the function orientation of the obstacle model, leading obstacle service model of many fields, applying ICF classification system to disability prevention and related policy making.