文学、历史、社会:当代北爱尔兰诗人谢默斯·希尼的政治诗学

Literature,History and Society:Seamus Heaney's Political Poetics

文学与政治有着一种微妙的关系,两者的结合曾经产生过许多经典诗歌。但在20世纪,文学与政治的结合引起更多的是怀疑,文学一旦与政治沾边,它就被认为失去了艺术的独立性,沦为被政治利用的工具。一方面文学必须保持自身的独立性,另一方面文学作为一种文化产品又不可避免地与社会、政治和历史保持联系。20世纪70—80年代的北爱尔兰诗歌就面临这一两难境地。但在某种程度上,这一困境也激发了这个地区的创造力和想象力的一次巨大释放,促进了当代北爱尔兰诗歌的繁荣。

Literature and politics have a subtle relationship.The connection of the two once produced many major poetic works.However,in the twentieth century this connection was regarded with more suspicion because once literature engages politics,it is thought of as losing its artistic independence and relegated to a political tool.On the one hand,literature must keep its autonomy and,on the other hand,as a socially constructed artistic product it cannot avoid engaging with society,politics and history.In the 70s-80s of the 20th century,the Northern Irish poetry found itself in this dilemma.To some extent, this dilemma has produced a release of imaginative creativity in this area and created a flourish in contemporary Irish poetry.