可靠性何在?——《喧嚣与骚动》中的叙事策略分析

How Is Reliability Achieved?—An Analysis of the Narrative Strategy in The Sound and the Fury

根据韦恩·布思的理论,《喧嚣与骚动》中班吉、昆丁和杰生三位被戏剧化的叙述者都因其智力或性格缺陷、思想偏见或道德水平低下而产生不可靠叙述,但根据詹姆斯·费伦关于人物功能和叙述者功能可以分离的观点,这三位叙事者在不同轴上展示的叙事可靠性不同:班吉的叙述在事实/事件轴上属于不充分事实报道,但在价值/判断轴上却是可靠的;从认知/感知轴上来判断,昆丁的叙述属于不充分解读,但在价值/判断轴上却是可靠的;杰生的叙述在价值/判断轴上不可靠,但在事实/事件轴上却有一定的可靠性。由此,他们的叙述对于表现人物和主题获得了一种真实、复合的效果。

According to Wayne C.Booth,Banji,Quentin and Jason as dramatized narrators in The Sound and the Fury by Faulkner all give unreliable account of Cattie because of their intellectual,dispositional,or moral defects or insufficiencies.However,in light of the theory of separation of personal function and narrative function by James Phelan,the three of them are not unreliable in every aspect:Banji shows reliability at the value/judgement axis despite unreliability at the fact/event axis;Quentin is also reliable at the value/judgement axis while unreliable at the cognition/perception one;and Jason,a seemingly most unreliable narrator at the value/judgement axis,displays some reliability, however,at the the fact/event axis.The blending of reliability with surficial unreliability helps achieve an integrative effect both thematically and narratively.