英国人文主义的两朵奇葩——莎士比亚的《维纳斯与阿都尼》和马洛的《希洛与李安达》

Mytho-Erotic Epyllion as the Product of English Humanism:Shakespeare's"Venus and Adonis"and Marlowe's"Hero and Leander".

本文从世俗化的视角分析比较了英国文艺复兴时期莎士比亚和马洛的两首"神话—艳情小史诗"《维纳斯与阿都尼》和《希洛与李安达》。作者认为,这两首诗是英国文艺复兴时期人文主义作家创造性地运用希腊神话,关注美和现世人生乐趣,颠覆传统性别角色和喜剧性地运用修辞术和反讽等艺术手法的结果,并且是两位诗人间竞争性对话所产生的诗苑奇葩。作者追溯了历史上对社会性别角色的传统看法。并引用了古希腊和《圣经》中与此相关的权威论述,把它们与这两首诗中对宗教禁欲主义的摒弃和对爱欲的肯定和褒扬作比较。文章的结论认为,正是这种把中世纪时期对天国的关注转移到对现世美和爱欲的追求,使得英国人文主义诗人莎士比亚和马洛创作了这两首经典的爱情诗。

From the perspective of secularization,this article examines two'mytho-erotic epyllia'—'Venus and Adonis'and'Hero and Leander'by Shakespeare and Marlowe during English Renaissance.The author holds that the two poems are the result of the humanist writers' creative use of Greek mythology and the shift of gaze from the other world to this world's pleasures and the focus on beauty.The article looks into the artistic uses of flowery rhetorical devices,the reversal of gender roles,and the ironic stance of the poets.The two extraordinary poems came into being as a result of the competitive dialogue between Shakespeare and Marlowe.The author traces the traditional religious and orthodox views on gender roles and makes a comparison between such views and the rejection of religious asceticism and exaltation of desire as displayed in the two works.The article,concludes that, by virtue of shift of interest from otherworldly spiritual matters to beauty in this world and the pursuit of desire,Shakespeare and Marlowe created these two classical love poems as rich legacy of English humanism.