技术效率、配置效率与中国的粮食生产——基于农户的微观实证研究

Technical and Allocative Efficiencies and China's Grain Production——A Microcosmic Empirical Study Based on Data of Rural Households

在资源投入更大约束的前提下,我国粮食增产的途径只能依靠全要素生产率(TFP)的提高。过往的研究都以宏观数据为基础,本文利用六省1079户农户5年粮食生产的数据进行微观视角研究。结果表明,技术效率和配置效率的波动不仅是引起农业全要素生产率波动的主导因素,也是引起农户之间TFP差异及区域间农业TFP差异的关键因素。其中,要素投入结构不合理是导致配置效率下降的主要原因,家庭禀赋因素、农业生产特征以及外部经济环境从不同的方面影响技术效率。

Given the tighter constraints of resources input, China can only rely on total factor productivity (TFP) to increase its grain production. The former research is based on the macroscopic data. However, from a microcosmic perspective, this paper studied the grain production data of 1,079 rural households from six provinces in a five-year period. It arrived at the conclusion that the fluctuations in technical and allocative efficiencies are not only the leading factor causing fluctuations in agricultural TFP but also the key factor resulting in TFP differences between rural households and between agriculture of different regions. The unreasonable structure of factor inputs is the main cause for the decrease in allocative efficiency. Family endowment, characteristics of agricultural production and external economic environment all affect technical efficiency from different perspectives.