德国如何抓住改革的“时机之窗”——“2010议程”的理念、影响与反思

How Germany Seized the "Window of Opportunity" for Reform——The Concept and Influence of and Reflection on the "Agenda 2010"

2003年,施罗德政府抓住"时机之窗",锐意推动了"2010议程"这一影响深远而又极具争议的结构改革。"2010议程"是"第三条道路"理念的实践,其核心是突出辅助性原则,意在增强个人的责任。其实施过程说明,结构改革需要时间,从开始实施直到其真正发挥积极效应,可能需要若干年,政治家必须要有短时间内选民支持度下降的心理准备。同时也表明,排除各种阻力锐意推动改革固然重要,但同等重要的是充分展开有关改革必要性的讨论,以便形成尽可能广泛的社会共识。

In 2003, the Schr der government seized the 'window of opportunity' and vigorously promoted the 'Agenda 2010' ——an extremely controversial structural reform that has far-reaching influence. It serves as a practice of the concept of 'The Third Road' and the key is to highlight its subsidiarity so as to enhance the personal responsibility. The implementation process manifested that structural reforms take time, and it may take several years for them to be truly effective. Therefore, politicians must get prepared for possible falling voters support in the short term. At the same time, it also shows that it is important to remove all kinds of resistance to rigorously promote reform, and it is equally important to have a full discussion about the necessity of reform so that social consensus reached can be as broad-based as possible.