从政道到治道:中国文化的方向与出路

From Governing to Governance:Direction of and the Way Out for Chinese Culture

20世纪以来,探索政道(即政体)者众,而很少有人探讨中国文化中有效的治道。其实,治道在某种意义上比政道更有助于我们理解中国文化的方向与出路。中国文化中的"治道"可以从德性权威、礼大于法、风化效应、义利之辨、政教不分、大一统等六个方面来分析,循此出发,当下中国文化的根本出路可概括为道统、核心价值、社会风气、任贤使能、行业与社会自治、礼乐重建、教育立国等方面,儒家的王道政治理想亦可从这些方面来实现。

Since the beginning of the 20th century, many people have endeavored to explore the issue of governing (i.e. political system), while few have discussed effective governance methods that originate in Chinese culture. In some sense, governance can actually better help us understand the development direction and path of Chinese culture compared to governing. The 'governance methods' in Chinese culture could be analyzed from perspectives of moral authority, precedence of rites over law, the weathering effect, the debate on righteousness and interest, non-separation of politics and religion, and great unification. Following this, the fundamental way out for Chinese culture can be summarized as the ethics, core values, social atmosphere, selecting the virtuous and appointing the able, industry and social autonomy, restoring rites and music, and education as the foundation of the nation. The political ideal of the Confucian benevolent government can also be realized by addressing these aspects.