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关于血液透析患者颈内静脉置管后血管继发改变的观察及发生原因分析的研究 被引量:4

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摘要 目的:观察我院血液净化治疗患者颈内静脉置管后颈内静脉继发改变,分析继发改变发生原因。方法:选取2012年1月~2012年12月于我院血液净化中心行维持性血液透析治疗患者165例(其中男性患者96例,女性患者69例,年龄范围20岁-91岁,平均年龄为(50.5±2.1)岁),对其进行彩色多普勒超声检查,根据基础疾病、置管经历、导管留置时间、导管尖端位置分组比较颈内静脉继发改变发生情况,分析置管后中心静脉继发改变对导管功能的影响及发生原因。资料用平均数及百分率表示,用卡方检验比较两组间差异。结果:1、165例患者予以彩色多普勒检查,发生颈内静脉继发改变102例,穿刺部位内膜增厚68例,发生率为41.2%;67例有纤维蛋白鞘形成,发生率为40.6%,92例有附壁血栓形成,发生率为56%,19例有导管内血栓形成,发生率为11.5%,颈内静脉明显狭窄29例,发生率为17.6%。2、①根据基础疾病是否为糖尿病,将该165例血液透析患者分为糖尿病组(DN组)(n=53)和非糖尿病组(非DN组)(n=112例)比较,糖尿病组患者纤维蛋白鞘、附壁血栓及导管内血栓发生率均高于非糖尿病组,结果有统计学意义(P<0.05);②根据同部位有无多次置管经历,将该165例血液透析患者分为单次置管史组(n=95)和多次置管史组(n=70例)比较,多次置管史组导管功能障碍发生率、纤维蛋白发生率、附壁血栓及静脉明显狭窄发生率均高于单次置管史组,结果有统计学意义(P<0.05);③根据留置导管时间,将本实验165对象中75名有长期导管置管经历的患者分长期导管留置时间<4周组(n=31)与长期导管留置时间≥4周组(n=44)比较,长期导管留置时间≥4周组纤维蛋白鞘、附壁血栓、导管内血栓及静脉明显狭窄发生率明显高于长期导管留置时间<4周组,结果有统计学意义(P<0.05)。④根据导管尖端位置,将长期导管组75例维持性血液透析患者分为上腔静脉入房段组(n=47)和右心房组(n=28例)比较,导管尖端位于上腔静脉入房段组纤维蛋白鞘发生率明显高于导管尖端位于右心房组,结果有区别(P<0.05)。结论:1、穿刺部位内膜增厚、纤维蛋白鞘、附壁血栓,导管内血栓形成及颈内静脉狭窄是维持性血液透析患者颈内静脉置管继发改变主要表现。2、诸多因素影响置管后颈内静脉继发改变,增加导管功能障碍发生几率。提高穿刺技术,避免同部位反复穿刺及多次置管,置管后明确导管尖端位置必要时予以调整可以减轻颈内静脉继发改变发生,减少导管功能障碍的发生。
作者 曾珠 肖海清
出处 《求医问药(下半月)》 2013年第6期101-103,共3页 Seek Medical and Ask The Medicine
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参考文献11

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同被引文献42

  • 1马福莲,朱猛,刘云.血液透析患者颈内静脉置管术预防感染的护理[J]中国药物经济学,2013(03).
  • 2北京市血液透析质量控制和改进中心.北京市血液透析登记2013年年度报告[J].中国血液净化,2013,增刊:65-70.
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  • 7OGUZKURT L, TERCAN F, TORUN D, et al. Impact of short-term hemodialysis catheters on the central veins: a catheter venographic study [J]. Eur J Radiol,2004,3: 293 -299.
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