GIS技术支持下的滑坡涌浪灾害分析研究

LANDSLIDE IMPULSIVE WAVE HAZARD STUDY SUPPORTED BY GIS TECHNOLOGY

引入水波动力学模型,结合GIS技术,开发形成滑坡涌浪灾害快速评价系统软件(FAST),该软件由前处理模块、涌浪计算模块和后处理模块组成,能够按滑坡失稳类型处理涌浪计算,能够更直观地展示水质点、剖面线、水面和水体的高程变化情况,具有易入手、易操作、高效率和可视化等特点。以三峡库区巫峡茅草坡滑坡为例,应用FAST预测该滑坡失稳后的涌浪效应,验证FAST的可行性和实用性。模拟结果表明茅草坡滑坡失稳会造成最大的涌浪高度为25 m,最大涌浪爬高为12.5 m,滑坡发生444.5 s后以2.5 m的最大爬坡浪到达巫山县城。该技术方法为快速合理确定水库崩滑体涌浪灾害预警范围及风险管理评价等工作提供一套新的分析手段和可视化平台。

Impulsive wave generated by landslide is a complex and dynamic process,wave propagation overly extended the dangerous range of landslide. Landslide impulsive wave simulation adopted wave dynamic model is hot in relative field in foreign,which can efficiently simulate long wave propagation problems. In this paper,the authors introduce wave dynamic model and form fast assessing system for tsunamis generated by geo-hazard(FAST) supported by GIS technology. FAST is made up of pre-processing module,simulation module,and post processing module,which can calculate impulsive wave according to the type of landslide failure,and can intuitively display water elevation change condition of point,line,surface and volume. It has characteristics of manageability,high efficiency and visibility. The paper takes Maocaopo landslide in Wu Gorge of Three Gorges Reservoir for example,and forecast impulsive wave generated by this landslide,verifying the feasibility and utility of FAST. The simulation result shows that the maximum wave amplitude is 25 m,the maximum run-up height is 12.5 m,and after landslide failure 444.5 s,a 2.5 m run-up wave will arrive in Wushan County. This soft offer a new analysis method and visualization platform for early warning and risk assessment work on geo-hazard impulsive wave in reservoir.