露天矿高台阶爆破的数值分析

Numerical analysis of high bench blasting in open pit mine

高台阶爆破可行性研究属于多因素影响、复杂的系统工程。针对高台阶爆破的研究现状,提出了从爆破机制角度证实高台阶爆破可行性的方法,基于数值模拟方法对台阶爆破过程进行分析。通过对比现行普通台阶爆破与高台阶爆破过程中台阶难爆部位(台阶底部与顶部)应力场变化趋势,发现采用高台阶爆破可以得到与普通台阶爆破相当或更好的爆破效果。从爆破机制角度证实,高台阶爆破技术在巴润铁矿具有可行性。数值分析结果表明,高台阶爆破时采用的最佳起爆方式为全药柱同时起爆方式,其次为中间起爆和两端起爆方式,不适宜采用孔底起爆方式。

Feasibility research of high bench blasting belongs to multiple factors and complex system project.In view of the feasibility research status of high bench blasting,a method of feasibility of high bench blasting considering blasting mechanism is put forward.Through comparing with difficult burst positions(bench top and bottom) stress field variation trend of the existing ordinary bench and high bench blasting process,it is found that the use of high bench blasting can obtain the existing bench blasting equivalent or better blasting results.From the blasting mechanism analysis,it is shown that the high bench blasting technology in the Barun ore is feasible.The numerical analysis results show that the best detonation mode of high bench blasting is all grain simultaneous blasting;the better ones are intermediate and ends of the detonation initiation;the unsuitable way is the hole bottom detonation.