物质、技术、教育与制度结构:对农村贫困问题的再思考

The Material,Technology,Education and Institutional Structure:Rethinking on the Problem of Rural Poverty

农村的贫困问题是困扰我们社会的一项难题,扶贫行动者从物质、资金、技术、教育等方面采取的大量行动,解决了一些问题。但是,许多原来贫困者在进步上依然不能与社会同步,以及部分人口甚至重新返贫,这就意味着扶贫的思路还需进一步改进。本文从贫困的产生的深层矛盾出发,提出单是依赖于物质、资金、技术、教育这样的措施很难改变贫困问题,贫困更是因为资源分配的非均质性质,使得上述几项方案失效。因此,只有从根本上改变致贫的制度,从而改变农民交易结构,使提供给他们的上述资源获得强化,变成他们自己的能力和资源,才能从根本上改变他们的贫困。当前,城乡一体化政策正是中国从制度结构上改变贫困的一项良策。

Rural poverty is a problem in our society,poverty alleviation actors adapt a lot of actions to solve some problems,such as materials,funds,technology and education,however,many of the original poor still cannot keep pace with the times,and some people even to poverty,this means that poverty alleviation idea needs to be further improved.This paper starts from the deep contradiction of poverty,puts forward only depending on some measures,such as material,capital,technology and education,is very difficult to change the poverty problem,poverty is also because the heterogeneous nature of resource allocation,which led to a failure of the several schemes.Therefore,only if they change the institution of poverty fundamentally,they will change the transaction structure;:only if they make the resources strengthen and become their own resources and capabilities,they will change their poverty fundamentally.At present,the integration of urban and rural China policy is a good policy to change poverty from institutional structure.