梁启超译述话语之关键词研究:“新民”、“豪杰”与“少年”

On the Key words of LIANG Qi-chao's Discourse: "the New Citizen","Hero" and "The Youth"

"新民"、"豪杰"与"少年"是梁启超翻译、论述话语中非常重要的三个关键词。从《新民说》的发表到《十五小豪杰》的翻译,对国民危机意识的激发和冒险进取之豪杰精神的倡导是梁启超国家思想和"新民"观的重要主题。《十五小豪杰》中法国少年不畏艰险敢于吃苦、在危险面前沉着冷静、在危难中团结友爱的美好品质正是梁启超《新民说》所热切倡导的"新"国民应具备的基本素质。少年与老年在性情、处世方面的生理性自然差别在翻译实践和理论阐述中被梁启超逐渐转换成社会、国家的"新"与"旧"、"传统"与"现代"的二元对立。这一思想理路揭示了梁启超甚至晚清中国"少年强则国强"等思想、话语形成的重要轨迹。

'The New Citizen','Hero'and'The Youth'are three key words of LIANG Qi-chao’s discourse.In order to stress the public crisis awareness,responsibility awareness,and to inspire the national adventurous spirit,LIANG Qi-chao devoted himself to present,discuss,and perfect 'the nationality'theory.In 1902 he published the article On New Citizen and translated the French novel Deux ans de vacances which described some French teen-age youths pulled together and worked hard to ride out the storm,and achieved some new developments.LIANG tried to make the association of 'the new citizen','the youth'and China.But in the discussion the differences of physiological features between the young and the old are gradually transformed into the binary opposition of the new and the old,the traditional Chinese nation and the future one,which clearly illustrates the formation of 'the Youth Discourse'in the late Qing Dynasty.