轨道车辆走行部一系垂向阻尼元件故障诊断

Vibration Fault Diagnosis Method on the Primary Vertical Damping Elements for Rail Vehicle Running Gear

研究了如何将基于车辆动力学模型和动力学响应信号处理技术相结合的故障诊断方法应用于轨道车辆走行部一系垂向阻尼元件的故障检测和诊断。首先,建立了轨道车辆垂向动力学模型,将其转化为利于故障检测的状态空间模型,利用Kalman滤波技术对该状态空间模型的状态变量进行最优估计;然后,根据系统新息的加权残差平方和(weighted sum squared residual,简称WSSR)实时检测系统的工作状态。一旦检测到系统发生故障,应用信号处理技术对系统观测信号进行时、频分析,提取敏感故障特征因子,根据该因子识别出系统故障发生的部位。仿真试验结果表明,基于模型和信号处理技术相结合的故障诊断方法对于轨道车辆一系垂向阻尼元件动力学故障的诊断是可行、有效的。

In this paper,the fault diagnosis method based on the combination of vehicle dynamics model and vehicle dynamic response signal processing technique on the primary vertical damping elements for rail vehicle running gear is proposed.First,the rail vehicle vertical dynamics model is built and the Kalman filtering technique is used for the optimal filter to estimate the state variables of the vehicle dynamical system,and then the real-time weighted residual sum of squares(WSSR)of innovation is used to monitor the operating status of the running gear system.Secondly,once the system failure is detected,the signal processing technique based on time/frequency analysis is applied on the observation signals to extract sensitive fault feature factors.Finally,these feature factors are utilized to identify the fault location.The simulation results show that the proposed approach is feasible and effective for detecting the primary vertical damping element failure for rail vehicle running gear.Keywords rail vehicle,fault diagnosis,signal processing,Kalman filter,vehicle dynamics model