城乡视听景观的变化及其对认知评价的影响

Changes of Visual and Acoustic Landscape Along Urban-rural Gradients and Their Influence on Landscape Evaluation

景观评价是国外环境质量评价和管理的重要组成部分。在快速城市化背景下,我国城乡的视觉景观和声景观质量正面临深刻变化。选取具有明显城市-乡村梯度的代表性景观,通过景观现场调查和室内评价测试,剖析了城市-乡村梯度下景观的视、听属性和人群的景观视、听及综合认知评价的变化,并探讨景观属性变化对认知评价的影响,以及视觉景观认知评价、声景观认知评价与景观视听综合评价之间的相互关系。结果表明:(1)沿城市-乡村梯度,视觉景观由人工景观逐渐过渡到自然景观,声景观由人工声为主逐渐过渡到以生物声和地质声为主,声级水平随之降低。(2)景观视听评价结果总体上随人工影响程度大小的下降而上升。(3)景观视听综合评价受视觉景观认知评价和声景观认知评价的共同影响,其中声景观认知评价对景观视听综合评价的贡献明显高于视觉景观认知评价。

Landscape evaluation is an important part of the environmental quality assessment and management in Europe and North America.Within the context of rapid urbanization,visual landscape and soundscape of urban-rural areas in China has been experiencing significant changes.By selecting six representative landscape along the urban-rural gradients,through onsite landscape survey and indoor landscape evaluation test,the changes of visual-acoustic landscape attributes as well as huamn's perception and evaluation on landscape was analysed,impact of landscape changes on landscape perception and rela tionship between visual landscape perception,soundscape perception and overall landscape evaluation were discussed.The re sults shows that(1)visual landscape has gradually transferred from artificial landscape to natural landscape and soundscape changed from anthrophony to biophony and geophony along the urban-rural gradients,with sound level decreases.(2)visual landscape perception,soundscape perception and overall landscape evaluation rise,as the degree of human influence decreases,along the urban-rural gradients.(3)Overall landscape evaluation is affected by both visual landscape perception and soundscape perception,with much more influence exerted by soundscape perception.