农地利用对露天煤矿废弃地土壤质量的影响

Post-reclamation Agricultural Land Use Effects on Properties in Mine Soils

露天采矿对土壤质量造成了剧烈扰动,采矿废弃地的土地利用方式是影响复垦地生态恢复的重要原因。文章选择平朔露天煤矿区的设施农用地、耕地、人工草地、裸荒地和原始农田等5种典型土地利用方式为研究对象,通过野外调查,对比分析了土壤物理性质、团聚体稳定性、养分状况和酶活。结果显示受采矿扰动后的废弃裸荒地土壤质量严重下降,农地复垦有利于恢复和保护矿区废弃地土壤,但不同农地利用方式对土壤质量恢复存在显著差异。设施农用地有利于土壤的理化性质、团聚体稳定性、养分状况和土壤生物活性的全面恢复,耕地和人工草地的复垦对容重、团聚体稳定性和土壤酶活具有一定改善作用,但难以在2年内达到原地貌相当水平,养分状况较废弃裸荒地几乎没有改善。研究结果说明,设施农用地可以较快地恢复矿山废弃地土壤质量,耕地和人工草地如果缺乏科学合理的肥力管理措施很难在短期内取得成效。

Mining of mineral resources results in extensive soil damage.Land use pattern is one of the main reasons for the process to restore the ecological integrity of these disturbed mine land areas.The research aim was to understand the influence of agricultural land use patterns on soil soil physical and chemical properties,soil nutrient,soil aggregate structure and soil enzyme activity.5 typical land use patterns of Pingshuo Surface Coal Mine have been chosen to study the effect of different land use patterns on soil reclamation of mining spoils.The results suggested that physical,chemical and biological disturbances of mining spoils lead to degraded soils quality.Protected agriculture,land use improved soil quality including soil nutrient,soil aggregate structure and soil enzyme activity.Cultivated area and artificial pasture land use patterns enhanced soil aggregate structure and soil enzyme activity,but not soil nutrient after 2 years of reclamation.