集中空调冷却水中嗜肺军团菌污染状况与防控措施

The Contamination of Legionella Pneumophila in the Cooling Water of Central Air Conditioning System and the Prevention and Control Measures

目的了解上海市金山区集中空调冷却水中嗜肺军团菌污染状况,探讨其有效防控措施。方法选取金山区安装开放式冷却塔的集中空调使用单位16家,现场调查冷却水消毒情况,并于2012年5—10月,每月采集冷却水样1次,进行嗜肺军团菌的培养与检测。结果金山区集中空调冷却水中嗜肺军团菌检出率为26.2%,血清型以LP1型为主,占68.2%。7、8、9月,空调冷却水中嗜肺军团菌检出率较高,分别为43.8%、37.5%、50%。在不做消毒处理、人工定期消毒和机械持续加药消毒的情况下,空调冷却水中嗜肺军团菌的检出率分别为58.3%、26.7%和0%。结论金山区集中空调冷却水存在一定程度嗜肺军团菌污染,当前以人工定期投药为主的水处理措施并不能解决嗜肺军团菌污染问题,建议采取持续消毒措施防控嗜肺军团菌的孳生。

Objectives To understand the contamination of legionella pneumophila thermophilic bacteria in the cooling water of central air conditioning systems in Jinshan District,and to discuss the effective prevention and control measures. Methods Sixteen central air conditioning systems with open type cooling towers in Jinshan District were selected. Cooling water samples were collected once in each month of May to October in 2012 to make cultivation and identification of legionella pneumophila. Results The detected rate for legionella pneumophila in the cooling water was 26. 2%,and the serotype was dominated by LP1 type,which accounted for 68. 2%. The contamination of legionella pneumophila in cooling water was more serious in July,August and September,and the detected rates were 43. 8%,37. 5%,and 50%,respectively. Under the treatment of not doing any disinfection, doing regular artificial disinfection or mechanically continuous adding disinfectants in cooling water,the detected rates of legionella pneumophila in cooling water were 58. 3%,26. 7% and 0%,respectively. Conclusions There was a certain degree of legionella pneumophila contamination in the cooling water of central air conditioning systems in Jinshan District. The way of periodic disinfection could not solve the problem of legionella pneumophila contamination. It is suggested to take a measure of continuously adding disinfectants in the cooling water of central air conditioning systems to prevent and control the breeding of Legionella pneumophila.