海洋溢油污染的生态系统服务功能损失及评估方法

Assessment on the Ecosystem Service Losses Methods of Marine Oil Spill

当前,海洋溢油事件所引发的生态损害之技术问题,已成为国内外该领域研究和政府管理部门制定相关规范的重要需求。然而,在中国目前完成的海洋溢油损害赔偿案例中,所获赔偿仍多集中于清污、渔业资源损失等直接费用,生态系统损害等间接影响则仍处于研究层面,研究内容则鲜少涉足生态服务功能损失评估。本文归纳了生态服务功能概念的历史演化,概括了海洋溢油生态服务功能损失评估方法,通过评述和分析,为我国海洋溢油管理的研究与实践提供参考。

At present,the technical problems of the ecological damage assessment caused by oil spill,has become a significant requirement for this research field and the government to formulate the relevant management measures. However,in the current cases of marine oil spill damage claim in China,most compensation focus on the direct losses including the loss of fishery resources,the cost of the rack cleaner,etc.; the indirect effects,like the ecosystem damage,have been concerned but still at the theoretical research phase.There was rare study about the assessment on the ecosystem service losses. This paper summarizes and analyzes the historical evolution of the ecological services,and the assessment methods of marine ecosystem service losses,in order to provide valuable references for the oil spill research and management in China.