《山海经·南山经》植物考

Literature research of plants in the “Nanshan Section” of Classic of the Mountains and Rivers

《山海经·南山经》所载为我国东部的亚热带森林地带,解读其植物种类,对于了解亚热带常绿阔叶林的发展历史有参考价值.采用文献考据和植物训诂的方法,根据《山海经》注疏的原始记载,从历代药物学、植物学、农学等著作的相关记载中提取植物叶、花、果等器官的分类特征,厘定其植物类型.考释出《南山经》植物11种,包括楠木、肉桂、桑、构树、君迁子、黄荆、枸杞、梓、稻、菅、麦冬等.《南山经》的区系类型以亚热带成分为主,楠木和肉桂共存状态指示《南山经》所载应为华南植被景观.

The region described in the 'Nanshan Section' of Classic of the Mountains and Rivers is thought to be a subtropical forest in current Eastern China. In this study,the plants of the Nanshan Section are described through literature research and plant exegesis. The plants were identified using features of the leaf,flower and fruit described in the original record in Classic of the Mountains and Rivers and other records from herbal medicine,and classic botanic and agricultural texts. In total 11 species were identified including Nan(Pheobe zhennan),Gui(Cinnamomum cassia),Bai Gao(Morus sp.),MiGu(Broussonetia papyrifera),Yan tree(Diospyros lotus),Jing(Vitex negundo),Qi(Lycium chinens),Zi(Catalpa ovata),Yu(Oryza sativa),Jian(Themeda villosa),and Zhu Yu(Allium senescens). Subtropical species dominate the flora of the Nanshan Section. The coexistence of Pheobe zhennan and Cinnamomum cassia indicates that the landscape described in the Nanshan Section is most likely a southern subtropical region in Southern China.