浸种预处理对油菜籽气力精量排种性能的影响

Effects of Seed Pre-soaking on Sowing Performance by Pneumatic Precision Metering Device for Rapeseed

针对油菜种子浸种处理与机械化播种的农机农艺适应性问题,进行了冷水浸种、温水浸种等预处理方式对油菜籽气力精量排种性能影响的试验研究。试验表明,种子浸泡处理后机械物理特性发生明显变化,千粒质量增加、籽粒饱满、种皮变软,弹性模量下降约40%,压缩破坏变形增加约20%,最大破坏载荷下降约10%;排种器转速小于36 r/min时,不同浸种预处理的油菜籽的排种合格指数均大于95%,漏播指数小于4%;浸泡处理的籽粒力学特性有所下降,但气力式排种对籽粒的破损率为零,种子的发芽能力也未被破坏。研究结果表明,正、负气压组合式排种技术适用于实际生产中浸种处理的油菜机械化精量播种。

Metering performances in a pneumatic seeder of rapeseed processed with different pre-soaking methods,including pre-soaking in warm water,cold water and without pre-soaking,were investigated to estimate whether sowing mechanization could be applied into the seeds qualified to agronomic requirement of pre-soaking.The results indicated that mechanical and physical properties of rapeseed had obvious change after soaking,which could be characterized by softened seed coat and increased 1000-grain weight and plumpness.Additionally,residual modulus degraded by 40%,the cracking load decreased by 10% and the cracking deformation aggrandized by 20%.When the rotational speed of seeder was slower than36 r/min,the sowing-performance as the quality of feed index for the three kinds of seed were more than 95%,while the miss index were less than 4%.Although the mechanical properties appeared degraded,the seeder never destructed the appearance and germinating ability of seeds.The results of the research concluded that rapeseed under pre-soaking would suitable for sowing mechanization with the pneumatic metering technology employed both positive and negative pressure.