违反如实告知义务法律后果之补足与修正——《保险法》第16条的完善

Supplement and Amendment of the Legal Consequence of Violating the Duty of Disclosure

2009年修订后的《保险法》第16条关于违反如实告知义务法律后果的规定仍存在不少立法漏洞,致使学说纷纭,引发司法裁量不一的现象。这不仅不利于法律获得普遍而一致的遵循,更不利于实现良法之治。近年来,两大法系的主要代表国家和地区纷纷进行保险法改革,不仅在立法理念上呈现出当代保险法发展的趋势和要求,而且在立法技术上达到了新的高度,殊值我国修法借鉴。《保险法》第16条补足与修正路径:将重要事项直接规定于告知义务条款,明确《保险法》第16条第2款与第4、5款的承接关系,将故意和重大过失等同规定,引入比例罚规则,确立欺诈撤销权。

Stipulated by Article 16 of Insurance Law revised in 2009,the legal consequence of violating the duty of disclosure still has loopholes in legislation,resulting in various theories and different judicial discretions.This makes it difficult not only to follow the law universally and consistently,but also to achieve good governance.These years,the main representative countries and regions in both law families have successively reformed insurance laws,presenting the development trend of modern insurance law and achieving a new height in legislative technique,which is highly worthy of attention.The ways to supplement and amend Article 16 of Insurance Law are:(1)directly stipulate material circumstance in the duty of disclosure provision;(2)clarify the connections between paragraphs 2,4 and5 of Article 16;(3)equally stipulate deliberation and gross negligence;(4)introduce the proportionality rules;and(5)establish the right to revoke in the case of fraud.