浅析马丁·路德宗教改革对中世纪德意志民族工作观的影响

Martin Luther’s Influence on the Work Ethic of the German People of the Medieval Period

宗教改革期间,马丁·路德对中世纪德意志民族职业道德产生了极大的影响,马克斯·韦伯曾经就路德影响下的新教伦理与"资本主义精神"的关系作过深入探讨。早在中世纪,德国以手工业行会为代表已经发展出一种发达的文化并衍生出的一种不同以往的公共道德,包括职业道德。而到了宗教改革时代,马丁·路德提出的许多新的观念包括他所特别强调的一些过去已有的神学思想对德意志民族工作观产生了巨大影响。例如"因信称义"、"基督奥体"、"天职观"、"两个世界"等等。分析宗教改革过程中马丁·路德提出的新观念和他的神学思想,有助于进一步探究马丁·路德的宗教改革如何影响德意志民族的职业道德观及其具体表现。考虑到本文的重点在于研究马丁·路德对中世纪日耳曼人的影响且在宗教改革时代德意志的民族国家尚未建立,因此本文的研究对象为中世纪德意志民族的工作观。

In the time of reformation Martin Luther exerted great influence on the work ethic of the German people.Max Weber once had a deep analysis of the relation between the protestant ethic under Luther’s influence and the'capitalist spirit'.As early as in the middle ages the highly developed guild culture has already brought about a new public ethic,including work ethic.In reformation Martin Luther put forward with quite a few new theological doctrines and attached more importance to some existing ones,such as'sola fide','Corpus Christi mysticum','doctrine of the two kingdoms'and Luther’s conception of profession.An analysis of Luther’s teachings can help us better understand his influence on the work ethic of German people.