玉米籽粒油脂性状的间接选择和遗传改良

Indirect Selections and Genetic Improvement for Fat Traits on Maize Kernel

采用二倍体胚和三倍体胚乳的种子遗传模型及其分析方法,通过2年的试验,研究了玉米籽粒油脂性状之间的胚、胚乳、细胞质、母体效应的相关性及其环境互作的相关性。结果证实,玉米籽粒油分与棕榈酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸极显著负相关,与硬脂酸、油酸极显著正相关。进一步研究表明,油分与棕榈酸的胚加性(r Ao=-1.000**)、细胞质(r C=-0.772**)达极显著负相关,油分与硬脂酸的胚加性(r Ao=0.793**)和细胞质(r C=0.887**)、油分与亚油酸(r AoE=1.000**)、油分与α-亚麻酸(r AoE=1.000**)的胚加性互作则呈极显著正相关。脂肪酸组分中,棕榈酸与油酸、硬脂酸与α-亚麻酸、油酸与亚油酸、油酸与α-亚麻酸极显著负相关。棕榈酸与亚油酸、α-亚麻酸,硬脂酸与油酸、亚油酸与α-亚麻酸极显著正相关。进一步分析显示,棕榈酸与硬脂酸的胚乳加性互作(r AeE=1.000**)和母体加性互作(r AmE=1.000**)、亚油酸与α-亚麻酸的胚加性互作(r AoE=1.000**)达极显著正相关,而硬脂酸与亚油酸的母体加性互作(r AmE=-1.000**)、硬脂酸与α-亚麻酸的细胞质(r C=-0.613**)极显著负相关。油酸与亚油酸(rε=-0.402**)、亚油酸与α-亚麻酸(rε=-0.412**)的相关程度受环境或机误的影响较大。

A seed genetic model with diploid embryo and triploid endosperm was used to analyze embryo ,endo-sperm,cytoplasmic and maternal effects correlations and their G ×E interaction correlations for fat traits on maize kernel ,the results confirmed that significantly negative correlations existed between oil and palmitic acid , linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid,while significantly positive correlations showed between oil and stearic acid ,oleic acid. Further research showed that significantly negative embryo additive correlations ( rAo =-1.000**) and cytoplasm correlations(rC =-0.772**)existed between oil and palmitic acid ,while significantly positive embryo additive corre-lations(rAo =0.793**),cytoplasm correlations(rC=0.887**)existed between oil and stearic acid,and embryo addi-tive interaction correlation between oil and linoleic acid (rAoE =1.000**),oil and α-linolenic acid(rAoE =1.000**). For fatty acid compositions,significantly negative correlations showed between palmitic acid and oleic acid ,stearic acid and α-linolenic acid,oleic acid and linoleic acid,α-linolenic.While significantly positive correlations existed between palmitic acid and linoleic acid ,α-linolenic acid ,the same between stearic acid and oleic acid ,linoleic acid andα-liolenic acid .Further analysis indicated that significantly positive endosperm additive interaction correlations (rAeE =1.000**),maternal additive interaction correlations (rAmE =1.000**)existed between palmitic acid and ste-aric acid,and embryo additive interaction correlation (rAoE =1.000**)between linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, while significantly negative maternal additive interaction correlation ( rAmE =-1.000**) showed between stearic acid and linoleic acid,and significantly negative cytoplasmic correlation ( rC =-0.613**) between stearic acid and α-linolenic acid.The correlativity of oleic acid and linoleic acid (rε =-0.402**),linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid ( rε =-0 .412**) were easily affected by environment or error .