基肥减量施用对烤烟生长及烟叶产质量的影响

Effects of Reducing Base Fertilizer Application on the Growth,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

2012年通过田间试验研究了常规烟草专用复合肥3种不同施用量及有机无机复混肥3种不同施用量对烤烟生长发育及烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明,降低基肥施用量对烟株生长发育和烟叶产质量有一定影响,基肥减量处理采烤前一天有效叶片数减少1~2片,最大叶宽和最大叶面积分别减小9%~11%和9%~31%,烤后烟叶产量、产值及中上等烟比例分别降低3%~9%,5%~10%,1%~4%。与常规施用量相比,不同基肥减量处理总糖和还原糖含量分别减少1%~22%和2%~23%;有机无机复混肥处理在农艺性状、初烤烟叶化学品质及烤烟产质量上的表现均优于等施氮量的常规无机复合肥处理。与常规无机复合肥处理相比,有机无机复混肥处理采烤前一天有效叶片数增加2~3片,株高和平均叶面积分别增加12%~18%和13%~14%,初烤烟叶石油醚提取物含量增加1%~15%,烤后烟叶产量、产值及中上等烟比例分别增加4%~6%,6%~8%,3%~7%。较少无机氮投入的条件下,有机无机复混肥可获得更好的烤烟产量和品质综合效应。

A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of three application rate of conventional spe-cialty compound fertilizer for tobacco and three application rate of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer on the growth ,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco .The results showed that , reducing base fertilizer application have some influence on the growth ,yield and quality of tobacco .Compared to the conventional nitrogen application rate treatments,the leaf number in the day before harvest decreased 1-2 pieces,the maximum leaf width and the maxi-mum leaf area in the day before harvest decreased 9%-11%and 9%-31%,the yield ,output value and commer-cial grade of flue-cured tobacco decreased 3%-9%,5%-10%and 1%-4%,respectively ,in the reducing base fertilizer application treatments .Compared to the conventional amount of N ,the amount of total sugar and reducing sugar decreased 1%-22%and 2%-23%,respectively ,in the reducing base fertilizer application treatments;The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer treatments have advantages in the agronomic characters ,chemical quality ,out-put value and commercial grade of tobacco ,compared to the conventional specialty compound fertilizer treatments . Compared to the conventional specialty compound fertilizer treatments ,the leaf number in the day before harvest in-creased 2-3 pieces,the tobacco plant height and average leaf size in the day before harvest increased 12%-18%and 13%-14%,the content of petroleum ether extract increased 1%-15%,the yield ,output value and commer-cial grade of flue-cured tobacco increased 4%-6%,6%-8%and 3%-7%,respectively ,in the organic-inorgan-ic compound fertilizer treatments .In conclusion , the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer could lead to a better comprehensive benefit in the yield ,output value and quality of tobacco ,with less inorganic nitrogen input .