论梅花的“清气”、“骨气”和“生气”

On the "Pure Minds","Moral Integrity",and "Vitality"of Mei Flower

综合梅花的整体神韵和精神象征而言,梅花的美感主要表现在三个方面:一是高雅不俗的品格;二是坚贞不屈的气节;三是先春而发的生机。简而言之,就是三种"气":"清气"、"骨气"和"生气"。有关认识有一个逐步发展的过程,至南宋时完全成熟,奠定了此后梅花审美的基本理念。"清气"和"骨气"是封建士大夫品德理想中的核心要素,两者的有机统一,体现了"儒道互补"的传统文化精神,构成了封建社会士大夫阶层人格追求乃至整个民族性格的普遍范式。梅花二"气"兼备,完整地体现了这种精神法式。梅花的"生气"之美,主要适应普通大众的爱好,与"清气"、"骨气"一道,显示出梅花雅俗共赏的文化优势。

Integrating Mei Flower overall charm and spiritual symbol,the Mei Flower blossom beauty was mainly in three aspects,elegant decent character,unyielding integrity and firstly spring and hair vitality.In short,three kinds of 'gas'were Pure Minds','Moral Integrity'and 'Vitality'.It was a gradual process,and fully mature in the Southern Song Dynasty,which laid the basic concept of aesthetic Mei Flower thereafter.'Pure Minds'and 'Moral Integrity'was a moral ideal feudal literati core elements of both the organic unity of the concept of 'Confucianism and Taoism,'the spirit of traditional culture,constitutes a feudal society intelligentsia personality pursue the universal character of the whole nation paradigm.Both the gas fully embodied the spirit.While the 'Vitality'was mainly adapted by the general public and combed with 'Pure Minds'and 'Moral Integrity',to show cultural superiority of Mei Flower.