美国智力障碍儿童早期干预中的家长情感支持及启示

Parental Emotional Support in Early Intervention for Children with Mental Disability in USA and Its Inspiration

家长在养育智力障碍儿童过程中面临诸多困难和挑战,亟需在情感方面的专业支持和帮助。本文从情感支持的概念着手,立足于家长情感支持在智力障碍儿童早期干预中的必要性和可行性探讨,详细介绍了美国智力障碍儿童早期干预中对家长情感支持的措施:制定科学合理的教育计划;形成和维持信任的人际关系;创建畅通有效的倾听与交流;依托专业的助人或心理咨询组织。最后,针对我国目前早期干预状况提出相关建议:提供政府支持,制定科学合理的教育计划;倡导全方位参与,满足家长情感支持;加强从业人员情感素养的提高;转变家长观念,了解正确的教养方式和态度。

Parents in parenting retarded children face many difficulties and challenges in professional help and support emotionally. Based on the concept of emotional support,and the necessity and feasibility of parents’emotional support in early intervention,this paper probes into details of the American parents’emotional support measures in early intervention: establishing scientific and reasonable education program; forming and maintaining trustful interpersonal relationship; creating effective communication; relying on the help of professional or psychological consulting organizations. Finally,suggestions are given in view of the current status of early intervention: providing government support,formulating scientific and rational education program,promoting full participation to meet parents emotional support,strengthening the practitioners’emotional literacy,changing parents’ideas,learning proper upbringing ways and attitudes.