全纳教育理念下义务教育的解构与重组

Deconstruction and Reorganization of Compulsory Education in the Background of Inclusive Education

随着全纳教育理念的传播以及我国随班就读方式的探索,特殊教育与普通教育的关系发生了巨大的变化。本文通过对现今我国特殊教育和普通教育制度及存在问题的分析,厘定全纳教育、特殊教育和普通教育的关系,认为全纳教育建立在建构主义与客观主义的冲突上,其实施必须对特殊教育和普通教育进行解构和重组,使全纳教育从理论层面走向实践层面。这种重组首要是进行观念的变革,形成全纳的理念;然后是制度的改革,融合特殊教育与普通教育促成一种适应性的教育体制;最后是改变特殊学校和普通学校的组织结构。

Along with the dissemination of the concept of inclusive education and the exploration of learning in regular classes,great changes have taken place in the relationship between special education and general education in China. Based on China’s current special education and general education systems and the existing problems,this paper analyzes the relationships among inclusive education,special education and general education,and holds that inclusive education is based on the conflict between constructivism and objectivism,and the implementation calls for deconstruction and reorganization of special education and general education,making inclusive education advance from theoretical level to practical level. In the reorganization,the first step is the change of idea and the formation of inclusive concept,which is followed by the system reform,integrating special education and general education to promote an adaptive educational system; the last is the organization structure change of special schools and ordinary schools.