摘要
Background:Cognitive impairment is prevalent among older adults and results in degraded quality of life for older adults.As the population ages,this may cause a huge burden to society.Research has demonstrated that physical exercise is beneficial to cognitive function.The purpose of this meta-analysis was to critically assess the effect of Tai Chi exercise on global cognitive,executive,and memory functions in older adults.Methods:After a thorough electronic search and selection,eight studies were included in this meta-analysis with two cross-sectional and six intervention studies.Nine variables included in this meta-analysis were:mini mental status examination(MMSE),Alzheimer’s disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale(ADAS-cog),trailmaking test part A(TMA),trailmaking test part B(TMB),digit span test forward(DSF),digit span test backward(DSB),visual span test backward(VSB),verbal fluency test(VFT),and word delay recall test(WDR).The effect sizes and forest plots of these nine variables were generated.Results:Four(MMSE,DSB,VSB,and VFT)out of nine variables were significantly improved after Tai Chi exercise with the effect sizes ranged from 0.20 to 0.46(small to medium).MMSE represented global cognitive function,and DSB,VSB,and VFT represented memory function.Conclusion:Tai Chi as a mind-body exercise has the positive effects on global cognitive and memory functions,and more consistent positive effects were found on memory function,especially verbal working memory.
认知功能障碍普遍存在于中老年人群体中,导致该群体生活质量下降。随着人口老龄化加剧,这可能会成为巨大的社会负担。已有研究证实了体育锻炼对认知功能的益处。Meta分析的目的是严谨地评估太极拳锻炼对中老年人整体认知、执行和记忆功能的作用。经过全面搜索和选择,Meta分析涵盖了8项研究,包括2项横断面研究和6项干预研究。分析共采用9个变量,分别是:简易精神状态检查表(MMSE)、阿尔茨海默氏病评估表中的认知量表(ADAS-COG)、连线测试A部分(TMA)、连线测试B部分(TMB)、顺序记忆广度测试(DSF)、逆序记忆广度测试(DSB)、逆序视觉广度测验(VSB)、言语流畅性测验(VFT)、词语延迟回忆测试(WDR)。同时生成这9个变量的效应量和森林图。太极锻炼使9项变量中的4项变量(MMSE、DSB、VSB、VFT)显著提高,效果量介于0.20至0.46(弱到中等)。这4项变量中,MMSE代表整体认知功能,DSB、VSB和VFT代表记忆功能。太极拳作为一种身心运动,对中老年人的整体认知和记忆功能有改善作用。其中对于记忆功能,尤其是词语工作记忆的改善有长期作用。
