粉状混合炸药爆轰合成纳米氧化铝实验研究

Ultrafine aluminum oxide particles prepared by detonation of powder explosive mixtures

以硝酸铝粉和黑索金粉为原料,按1∶2的质量比均匀混合配制出爆热值为5 376J/g的混合炸药,将混合炸药在爆炸罐内进行了爆轰合成氧化铝的实验。通过高分辨率透射电镜和X射线衍射仪证实爆轰中产生了氧化铝粉末,氧化铝颗粒呈完整的球形,颗粒尺寸均小于100nm,平均颗粒尺寸约50nm,氧化铝晶型为α型和γ型2种。该实验进一步证明改变混合炸药的爆轰参数可以控制氧化铝的尺度和晶型。

The binary explosive mixtures with the explosive heat of 5 376J/g were obtained by mixing aluminum nitrate powder and RDX powder at the mass ratio of 1∶2.The ultrafine aluminum oxide particles were prepared by detonation of the obtained explosive mixtures.The analyses by the transmission electron microscope and x-ray diffraction techniques indicate that all granules of the aluminum oxide are spherical,the sizes of the granules are less than 100nm,the average size is about 30nm, and the aluminum oxide granules consist ofα-andγ-Al2 O3 particles.The experiment further proves that the grain sizes and the crystal forms of the synthesized aluminum oxide can be controlled by changing the detonation parameters of the mixed explosive.