生态系统主要服务功能及评价方法研究述评

Overview of the Studies on Ecosystem Services and Evaluation Methods

近年来,生态系统的服务功能得到了广泛关注,成为国际生态学领域研究的热点。目前普遍认可:生态系统服务是指自然生态系统及其物种所提供的能够满足和维持人类生活需要的条件和过程,生态系统服务功能在景观和区域层次上的表现主要有涵养水源、维持生物多样性、保持水土、净化空气和水、文化科学教育功能等。本文在参考大量前人研究的基础上,介绍了生态系统服务功能国内外研究进展,并从涵养水源、生物多样性维持和水土保持3个方面对生态系统服务功能的计量评价方法进行探讨,以期有助于后续研究。

In recent years,the study on ecosystem services has become one of the hottest in the field of ecology worldwide. It is generally recognized that ecosystem services refers to conditions and processes maintaining human life provided by natural ecosystems and species. Ecosystem services in terms of landscape and reginal level included water conservation,maintenance of biological diversity,soil and water conservation,air and water purification,education and so on. On the basis of former researches,this article introduced the definition and the developing process of ecosystem services,and discussed the evaluation method of ecosystem services from the aspects of water conservation,maintenance of biological diversity and soil and water conservation,in order to promote the development of the studies on ecosystem services.