26例经外周植入中心静脉导管非计划性拔管的原因分析及预防措施

Reasons of non-planned decannulation of peripheraly inserted central catheters and their prevention

目的分析经外周植入中心静脉导管(PICC)非计划性拔管的原因并探讨其预防措施.方法 回顾性总结2005年7月～2008年6月432例PICC导管维护中的经验和教训,分析26例非计划性拔管的不同原因.结果 出现导管堵塞、导管异位或移位、导管脱出、导管相关性感染、机械性静脉炎以及血栓形成等并发症是造成非计划性拔管的主要原因,而这些并发症主要与导管材质差、固定不妥、导管尖端位置未达上腔静脉、离院患者管理缺陷及意外或其他情况有关.结论 选用硅胶材质导管、保证导管尖端位置达到上腔静脉、护士对患者离院期间的联络和管理是预防非计划性拔管的有效措施.

Objective To analyze the reasons of non-planned decannulation (NPD) of peripheraly inserted central catheter (PICC) and explore the applicable prevention strategies.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 432 patients who underwent PICC cannulations maintenance between July 2005 and June 2008.The reasons of 26 cases of NPD were analyzed.Results The main reasons of NPD included cannulation occlusion,cannulation ectopia or translocation,cannulation exfoliation,cannulation-related infections,mechanical phlebitis,and thrombus formation.The complications usually were caused by the poor cannulation material,incorrect fixation,top of canuulation not reaching superior vena cava,lack of management measures for outpatients,accidents,and others.Effective measures for preventing NPD included:use silica gel cannulation;ensure the top of canuulation reach the superior vena cava;and improve the communications between outpatients and nurses.Conclusion NPD of PICC may be caused by various reasons and effective prevention measures should be taken.