中国明代天道外交的观念及其现代价值

The Idea of Tian Dao Diplomacy of Ming Dynasty and Its Modern Value

明代外交以天道思想作为其指导思想,主要体现为夷夏秩序观念、战和观念和义利观念。夷夏秩序是中国和朝贡国之间的辐射型关系,附属国要履行朝贡礼节;战和关系经常受到礼数和边境问题的影响;天道外交中重义而轻利。与西方近现代人道外交相比,天道外交具有其优越性和局限性,可为近现代人道外交提供有益的补充和借鉴。

The diplomacy of the Ming Dynasty was guided by the Tian Dao thoughts. The Tian Dao diplomacy included the concept of the Yi Xia order,the concepts of war or peace and of justice or profit. The Yi Xia order was the radiative relationship between China and the tributary countries,in which the tributary countries would perform the tributary etiquette. The relationship of war or peace was influenced by etiquette and border questions. The Tian Dao diplomacy emphasized justice and scorned profit. Compared to the modern humane diplomacy,the Tian Dao diplomacy had its superiorities and limitations,and could provide references for the modern humane diplomacy.